How Shoud We Then Live

*How Should We Then Live?* by Francis A. Schaeffer traces the history of Western civilization from the Roman Empire to the modern era, arguing that ideas have profound consequences for culture. Schaeffer contends that Western society was built on a biblical understanding of God, humanity, and moral truth, which provided the foundation for human dignity, freedom, justice, and creativity. As Western culture gradually abandoned its Christian worldview in favor of humanism and relativism, he argues, it also lost the objective basis for morality and meaning, leading to growing social and cultural fragmentation.

Throughout the book, Schaeffer examines the influence of philosophy, art, science, politics, and religion on the development of Western thought. He discusses key historical movements such as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, and the rise of modern secularism, showing how each shaped society's understanding of truth and human purpose. Schaeffer believes that the rejection of biblical absolutes has resulted in moral confusion, authoritarian tendencies, and a diminished appreciation for the value of human life.

The book concludes by calling Christians to engage culture thoughtfully and courageously rather than retreating from it. Schaeffer urges believers to demonstrate the truth of Christianity through both intellectual integrity and compassionate living, showing that biblical faith provides a coherent foundation for personal life and public society. Rather than merely criticizing modern culture, he challenges Christians to answer the question posed by the title by living faithfully under the lordship of Christ and bearing witness to God's truth in every sphere of life.